A Compendium of the Ancient Gods
Vali, plate

Vali was a son of Odin by the giantess Rindr, conceived for the express purpose of avenging Baldr — Odin had been told by prophetic vision that only this child, conceived from Rindr, could carry out the vengeance, and the wooing of the unwilling Rindr was a long and difficult labor that Saxo Grammaticus narrates at length. When born, Vali grew at extraordinary speed; at one day old, with neither washed hands nor combed hair, he killed the blind god Hodr who had thrown the mistletoe-dart at Baldr, in fulfillment of his birth-purpose. He had no further narrative beyond this; like Vidar, he would survive Ragnarök and live into the new age.

Curator’s note

What the sources say, and what later tradition added. The sources for this bay

Völuspá 33; Baldrs draumar 11; Snorri's Gylfaginning 30, 51. Saxo's version of the conception of Vali (under the name Bous, son of Othinus and Rinda) is in Gesta Danorum 3.4. The motif of the precocious avenger born for a specific purpose has parallels in other Indo-European traditions.

Kin in the sources

Each tie is quoted from the entry that states it.

When the sources speak

Dated witnesses for The Norse and Germanic Gods. A date marks when the evidence was written down, not when the belief began. The whole timeline

2nd–1st millennia BCE
Indo-European language dispersals and regional Bronze Age cultures provide a remote comparative background, not a recoverable common canon.
c. 500 BCE–1 CE
Iron Age material culture, names, sanctuaries, and classical ethnography offer early but external evidence for Celtic and Germanic religions.
1st–4th centuries CE
Roman inscriptions and provincial cults preserve many Celtic, Germanic, and local divine names.
4th–8th centuries CE
Migration-period and early medieval conversion transform ritual institutions while heroic traditions continue.
8th–11th centuries CE
Viking Age poetry, runic evidence, archaeology, and Scandinavian conversion form the core context of Norse myth.
9th–12th centuries CE
Slavic, Baltic, and Finnic traditions enter chronicles and missionary accounts, often through hostile observers.
11th–14th centuries CE
Irish, Welsh, and Icelandic manuscripts preserve major narrative corpora in Christian literary environments.
12th–16th centuries CE
Saxo, saga compilers, Baltic chroniclers, and later antiquarians systematize or reinterpret older material.

Floor plan

The rooms follow one another in the order their peoples first appear in the written record.

  1. The Cradle of Citiesc. 3400 BCE to 395 CE. 115 works
  2. The Gift of the Nilec. 4000 BCE to 395 CE. 73 works
  3. The Olympian Orderc. 1600 BCE to 750 CE. 152 works
  4. The Persian Worldc. 2000 BCE to 1010 CE. 30 works
  5. The Levantine Borderlandsc. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 20 works
  6. The Edges of Empirec. 2000 BCE to 1500 CE. 33 works
  7. The Etruscan Worldc. 900 BCE to 750 CE. 22 works
  8. The Roman Inheritancec. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 58 works
  9. The Northern Inheritancec. 2000 BCE to 1600 CE. 131 works