Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Levant. c. 3400 BCE to 395 CE
The first gods to be written down. Clay tablets from the temple cities of Sumer and Akkad, the archives of the Hittite kings and the tablets of Ugarit keep the oldest recorded pantheons.
Ansharan-sharLord of the Heaven-Horizon — primordial god of the upper skyApsuap-suThe Sweet-Water Abyss — primordial freshwaterKisharkee-sharThe Earth-Horizon — primordial earth, sister-spouse of AnsharTiamattee-ah-matThe Salt Sea — primordial chaos-mother, slain by MardukAnuah-nooAn — Lord of the Sky, head of the elder pantheonEnkien-keeLord of the Sweet Waters and Wisdom — Akkadian EaEnlilen-lilLord Wind — King of the Gods, Lord of NippurNinhursagnin-hur-sagLady of the Foothills — Mother of the GodsThe Anunnakithe a-nun-na-kiThe Princely Seed — the assembled great godsDumuzidu-mu-ziThe Faithful Son — shepherd-king, beloved of InannaEreshkigaleh-resh-kee-galQueen of the Great Below — Lady of the UnderworldGulagu-laThe Great Lady — goddess of healingInannaee-nan-nahQueen of Heaven — Akkadian Ishtar; goddess of love, war, and the morning and evening starNannanan-naThe Moon — Akkadian Sin; god of UrNanshenan-sheLady of the Marshes — goddess of dreams, fish, and social justiceNergalner-galThe Burning One — god of war, plague, and the underworldNingishzidanin-gish-zi-daLord of the True Tree — chthonic god of vegetationNinlilnin-lilLady of the Open Field — wife of EnlilNinurtani-nur-taThe Warrior — son of Enlil, slayer of the AsagNisabani-sa-baLady of the Reeds — goddess of grain and writingUtuu-tuThe Sun — Akkadian Shamash; judge and revealerGeshtinannagesh-ti-nan-naLady of the Vine — sister of DumuziKingukin-guGeneral of Tiamat — slain to make mankindLamashtula-mash-tuThe Devourer — demoness of childbirthNinazuni-na-zuLord of Healing and the Underworld — son of EreshkigalNinshuburnin-shu-burThe Faithful Vizier — minister of Inanna and AnuPazuzupa-zu-zuKing of the Wind Demons — apotropaic against LamashtuNinkasinin-ka-siThe Lady Who Fills the Mouth — Goddess of Beer and BrewingNingalnin-galGreat Lady of the Moon — Consort of Nanna and Mother of InannaDamgalnunadam-gal-nu-naGreat Lady of the Princely Fresh Waters — Mother of MardukBaubauThe Lady of the Sheepfold — Healer-Goddess of LagashAsaga-sagThe Stone Demon of the Mountains — Adversary of NinurtaLugalbandalu-gal-ban-daFather of Gilgamesh — Eighth King of the First Dynasty of UrukGilgameshgil-gah-meshTwo Parts God and One Part Man — King of Uruk and Seeker of ImmortalityEnkiduen-ki-duThe Equal Match Made by the Gods — Friend Beloved Beyond Speech
Ashura-shurNational God of AssyriaMardukmar-dookLord of Babylon — BelAdada-dadThe Storm — Akkadian Hadad; Lord of the ThunderIshtar of Ninevehish-tar of ni-ne-vehThe Lady of Nineveh — Assyrian IshtarNabuna-buScribe of the Gods — Lord of BorsippaGallugal-luThe Demons of the Underworld — pursuers of Inanna and of DumuziLamassula-mas-suThe Protective Spirit — winged bull of the gatesLilituli-li-tuThe Night-Hag — demoness of the windShedushe-duThe Male Guardian SpiritTishpaktish-pakLord of Eshnunna — slayer of the LabbuThe Kudurru Deitiesthe ku-dur-ru dei-tiesWitnesses upon the Boundary StonesNisrochnis-rochThe God in Whose Temple Sennacherib Was SlainAnzuan-zuThe Lion-Headed Bird — Thief of the Tablet of DestiniesAdapaa-da-paThe Sage Who Refused the Bread of Immortal LifeAtrahasisat-ra-ha-sisThe Exceeding Wise — Survivor of the Great FloodErraer-raThe Bringer of Plague — God of Indiscriminate ViolenceIshumi-shumThe Watchman of the Night — Herald of ErraThe Sebittithe se-bit-tiThe Seven Warriors — Constellation of the PleiadesMušḫuššumuš-ḫuš-šuThe Furious Snake — Dragon of MardukThe Apkalluthe ap-kal-luThe Seven Sages — Bringers of the Arts of CivilizationHumbabahum-ba-baThe Guardian of the Cedar Forest — Whose Face was Coiled EntrailsBelet-Ilibe-let--i-liThe Lady of the Gods — Mother Who Pinched Mankind from ClaySarpanitsar-pa-nitThe Silvery One — Queen of Babylon, Consort of MardukNanayana-nayaThe Sweet One — Goddess of Sensual Love and MusicTashmetumtash-me-tumThe Listening One — Wife of Nabu, Goddess of IntercessionMullissumul-lis-suQueen of the Assyrian Pantheon — Consort of Ashur
Kumarbikoo-mar-beeFather of the Gods — the Hurrian elder godTeshubteh-shoobThe Storm — Hurrian sky-king, son of KumarbiHepathe-patQueen of Heaven — Hurrian consort of TeshubShaushkashaush-kaThe Hurrian Ishtar — goddess of love and warTarhunttar-huntHittite Storm-God — Slayer of the IlluyankaTelepinute-le-pi-nuThe Vanishing God — Hittite god of agricultureThe Sun Goddess of Arinnathe sungod-dess of a-rin-naPatroness of the Hittite KingTarhunzatar-hun-zaThe Luwian Storm-GodArtemis of Ephesusar-te-mis of e-phe-susThe Many-Breasted Mother of EphesusCybelecy-be-leThe Mother of the Mountain — Phrygian Magna MaterAttisat-tisBeloved of the Mother — Phrygian shepherd-godAlalua-la-luFirst King of Heaven — Deposed in the Kumarbi CycleHannahannahan-na-han-naThe Grandmother — Mother-Goddess of the Hittite PantheonInarai-na-raDaughter of Tarhunt — Lure of the Dragon IlluyankaIlluyankail-luyan-kaThe Great Dragon — Adversary of TarhuntUllikummiul-li-kum-miThe Stone Giant — Kumarbi's Champion Against TeshubHedammuhe-dam-muThe Sea-Monster — Earlier Champion of KumarbiSharrumashar-ru-maSon of Teshub and Hebat — Royal ProtectorLelwanilel-wa-niThe Sun-Goddess of the Earth — Queen of the Hittite UnderworldKamrusepakam-ru-se-paThe Mistress of Magic — Healer-Goddess of the HittitesZababaza-ba-baWar-God of Hattusa — Sworn Witness of Hittite TreatiesAllanial-la-niSun-Goddess of the Earth — Hurrian Queen of the UnderworldHutena and Hutellurahu-te-na and hu-tel-lu-raThe Hurrian Fates — Determiners of the Newborn's DestinyTashmishutash-mi-shuBrother of Teshub — Vizier-Companion of the Storm-GodAranzaha-ran-zahThe Tigris River — Born of Anu's Severed MembersArmaar-maThe Luwian Moon — God of Oath and WitnessIyarriiyar-riThe Plague-God — Whose Arrows Carry DiseaseSantassan-tasLuwian War-God — Predecessor of the Cilician SandonMaliyama-liyaGoddess of Gardens and Gentle WatersSandonsan-donThe Cilician Heracles — Whose Pyre Burned at TarsusKuvavaku-va-vaMother-Goddess of Carchemish — Ancestress of CybeleLametrusla-met-rusLydian Sky-Father — Identified with ZeusSabaziussa-ba-ziusThe Thraco-Phrygian Sky-Father — Whose Bronze Hand Bore Cult-SymbolsMenmenThe Phrygian Moon-God — Standing on His BullAgdistisag-dis-tisThe Hermaphroditic Mother — Origin of Attis from the AlmondPapaspa-pasThe Phrygian Father-God — Overshadowed by His MotherMamaThe War-Goddess of Comana — Brought to Rome as Bellona
ElelThe Bull, Father of the Gods — Canaanite high godBaalbaalThe Rider on the Clouds — Hadad of UgaritAnata-natThe Maiden of Slaughter — sister-lover of BaalAsheraha-she-rahLady of the Sea — wife of El, mother of the godsAstarteas-tar-teThe Phoenician Queen of HeavenYamyamPrince Sea — Judge River — defeated of BaalMotmotDeath — Devourer of BaalDagonda-gonThe Grain — Father of BaalBa'Al Hammonba-'al ham-monLord of the Brazier — chief god of CarthageMelqartmel-qartKing of the City — Tutelary God of Tyre, Whose Pyre Burned at His FestivalTanitta-nitThe Face of Baal — Supreme Goddess of CarthageEshmunesh-munThe Healer — Phoenician god of SidonKothar-wa-Khasisko-thar--wa--kha-sisSkilful and Wise — craftsman of the godsReshephre-shephThe Plague-Bringer — archer of diseaseShapashsha-pashThe Sun — torch of the godsAdonisa-do-nisThe Lord — Phoenician Lover of Astarte, Mourned in Annual RiteBaalat Gebalbaa-lat ge-balThe Lady of Byblos — Mistress of the Cedar Coast
