A Compendium of the Ancient Gods

Volume III

The Olympian Order

Greece. c. 1600 BCE to 750 CE

The gods of Homer and Hesiod, and the older powers, monsters and heroes around them, set beside what the Greeks themselves wrote.

The Primordial Powers

29 works. Sources for this bay

Chaos, plate
Chaos kay-oss The First — primordial gap or void
Gaia, plate
Gaia gay-uh The Earth — mother of all
Uranus, plate
Uranus yoor-uh-nus The Sky — first king of heaven
Nyx, plate
Nyx niks Night — mother of the dark powers
Erebus, plate
Erebus air-uh-bus The Underworld Dark — consort of Night
Tartarus, plate
Tartarus tar-tuh-rus The Pit — deepest place of the underworld
Eros (Primordial), plate
Eros (Primordial) air-oss (primordial) The Original Love — primordial unifying power
Aether, plate
Aether ee-ther The Upper Bright Air — element of the gods
Hemera, plate
Hemera hem-er-uh The Day — daughter of Night and the Dark
Pontus, plate
Pontus pon-tus The Sea — son of Earth, father of the sea-gods
Thalassa, plate
Thalassa thuh-lass-uh The Salt Sea — feminine personification
Ourea, plate
Ourea oo-ree-uh The Mountains — children of Earth
Nesoi, plate
Nesoi ness-oy The Islands — uncertain primordial group
Ananke, plate
Ananke uh-nang-kee Necessity — the inescapable bond
Chronos, plate
Chronos kroh-noss Time — Orphic primordial, not to be confused with Cronus
Aion, plate
Aion eye-on Eternity — the unbounded age
Phanes, plate
Phanes fay-neez The Light-Bringer — Orphic first-born
Hydros, plate
Hydros hy-dross Primordial Water — Orphic alternative
Philotes, plate
Philotes fih-loh-teez Friendship and Sexual Love — daughter of Night
Apate, plate
Apate uh-pay-tee Deceit — daughter of Night
Dolos, plate
Dolos doh-loss Trickery — daimon of fraud
Momus, plate
Momus moh-mus Blame — the carping critic
Moros, plate
Moros moh-ross Doom — irrevocable fate of death
Geras, plate
Geras gee-ras Old Age — the daimon of decline
Oizys, plate
Oizys oy-zis Misery — daughter of Night
Python, plate
Python pie-thon The Earth-Serpent of Delphi, slain by Apollo at the navel of the world
The Cyclopes, plate
The Cyclopes the sigh-kloh-peez The One-Eyed Smiths of Heaven — Brontes, Steropes, and Arges
The Hecatoncheires, plate
The Hecatoncheires the heh-kuh-ton-ky-reez The Hundred-Handed — Briareus, Cottus, and Gyges
The Gigantes, plate
The Gigantes the jih-gan-teez The Earthborn — and the Gigantomachy that ended their kind

The Titans and Their Children

26 works. Sources for this bay

Cronus, plate
Cronus kroh-nus King of the Titans — father of Zeus
Rhea, plate
Rhea ree-uh Mother of the Olympians
Oceanus, plate
Oceanus oh-see-uh-nus The River-Stream — eldest of the Titans
Tethys, plate
Tethys tee-this Mother of Rivers — wife of Oceanus
Hyperion, plate
Hyperion high-peer-ee-on The High-Walker — Titan of the heavenly lights
Theia, plate
Theia thay-uh The Divine — Titaness of light
Helios, plate
Helios hee-lee-oss The Sun — driver of the daily chariot
Selene, plate
Selene seh-lee-nee The Moon — mistress of the night sky
Eos, plate
Eos ee-oss The Dawn — rosy-fingered goddess of the morning
Themis, plate
Themis thee-mis Divine Order — counselor of the gods
Mnemosyne, plate
Mnemosyne neh-moss-ih-nee Memory — mother of the Muses
Leto, plate
Leto lee-toh Mother of Apollo and Artemis
Prometheus, plate
Prometheus proh-mee-thee-us The Forethinking — friend of mankind
Epimetheus, plate
Epimetheus ep-ih-mee-thee-us The Afterthinking — brother of Prometheus
Atlas, plate
Atlas at-las The Sky-Bearer — Titan of the western mountain
Iapetus, plate
Iapetus eye-ap-eh-tus Father of Prometheus and Atlas
Coeus, plate
Coeus see-us Titan of the celestial axis — father of Leto
Phoebe, plate
Phoebe fee-bee Bright Titaness — Delphic prophetess
Crius, plate
Crius kree-us Titan of constellations — father of Astraeus
Eurybia, plate
Eurybia yoo-rib-ee-uh Wide-Strength — daughter of Pontus
Asteria, plate
Asteria uh-steer-ee-uh The Starry — sister of Leto, mother of Hecate
Astraeus, plate
Astraeus as-tray-us Starry Husband of Eos — father of the winds and stars
Pallas (Titan), plate
Pallas (Titan) pal-us (titan) Warrior Titan — father of Nike
Perses, plate
Perses per-seez Titan of destruction — father of Hecate
Metis, plate
Metis mee-tis Wisdom — first wife of Zeus
Styx, plate
Styx stiks The Hateful — river of unbreakable oath

Hades and the Lesser Olympians

14 works. Sources for this bay

Zeus, plate
Zeus zoos King of the Gods — Lord of Olympus
Hera, plate
Hera heer-ah Queen of the Gods — wife of Zeus, patroness of marriage
Poseidon, plate
Poseidon poh-sye-don Lord of the Sea — earth-shaker
Demeter, plate
Demeter dee-mee-ter Earth Mother — goddess of grain and the Eleusinian Mysteries
Hestia, plate
Hestia hess-tee-uh Goddess of the Hearth — the central flame
Hades, plate
Hades hay-deez Lord of the Dead — king of the underworld
Athena, plate
Athena ah-thee-nah The Grey-Eyed — goddess of wisdom and crafts
Apollo, plate
Apollo uh-pol-oh The Far-Shooter — god of music, prophecy, and plague
Artemis, plate
Artemis ar-tuh-mis The Huntress — virgin of the wilderness
Ares, plate
Ares air-eez Lord of War — the bloody-minded
Aphrodite, plate
Aphrodite af-roh-dye-tee Foam-Born — goddess of love
Hephaestus, plate
Hephaestus heh-fes-tus The Lame Smith — divine craftsman
Hermes, plate
Hermes her-meez Messenger of the Gods — patron of travelers and thieves
Dionysus, plate
Dionysus dye-oh-nye-sus The Twice-Born — god of wine and ecstasy

The Sea, the Wild and the Wind

19 works. Sources for this bay

Persephone, plate
Persephone per-sef-oh-nee Queen of the Underworld — daughter of Demeter
Hebe, plate
Hebe hee-bee Cupbearer of the Gods — wife of the deified Heracles
Eileithyia, plate
Eileithyia eye-lye-thy-uh Goddess of Childbirth
Eros (Later), plate
Eros (Later) air-oss (later) Son of Aphrodite — winged boy of love
Iris, plate
Iris eye-ris Rainbow Messenger — herald of Hera
Hecate, plate
Hecate hek-uh-tee Of the Crossroads — goddess of witchcraft and the dark moon
Asclepius, plate
Asclepius uh-sklee-pee-us Divine Physician — son of Apollo
Pan, plate
Pan pan God of the Wild — pastoral piper of Arcadia
Nereus, plate
Nereus neer-ee-us Old Man of the Sea — prophetic shape-shifter
Proteus, plate
Proteus proh-tee-us Shepherd of the Seals — shape-shifting prophet
Triton, plate
Triton try-ton Son of Poseidon — herald of the deep
Glaucus, plate
Glaucus glaw-kus The Sea-Green — fisherman become sea-god
Charon, plate
Charon kair-on Ferryman of the Styx — gatekeeper of the dead
The Anemoi, plate
The Anemoi the uh-nem-oy The Four Winds — Boreas, Notus, Eurus, and Zephyrus
Adonis, plate
Adonis a-do-nis The Beloved of Aphrodite, slain by the boar — the Greek mystery of the dying youth
Hyacinthus, plate
Hyacinthus high-uh-sin-thus The Spartan youth beloved of Apollo, slain by the discus
Echo, plate
Echo eck-oh The Mountain Nymph who could only repeat
Narcissus, plate
Narcissus nar-siss-us The Boeotian youth who loved his own reflection
Morpheus and the Oneiroi, plate
Morpheus and the Oneiroi mor-fee-us and the oh-nye-roy The Shapers of Dreams — Morpheus, Phobetor, and Phantasos

The Margins and the Monsters

18 works. Sources for this bay

The Erinyes, plate
The Erinyes the eh-rin-eez The Furies — Tisiphone, Megaera, Alecto
The Moirai, plate
The Moirai the moy-rye The Fates — Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos
The Charites, plate
The Charites the kar-ih-teez The Graces — Aglaea, Euphrosyne, Thalia
The Horae, plate
The Horae the hor-eye The Seasons — Eunomia, Dike, Eirene
The Muses, plate
The Muses the mu-ses Daughters of Mnemosyne — patrons of the arts
Calliope, plate
Calliope kuh-lye-uh-pee Muse of Epic Poetry
Clio, plate
Clio klye-oh Muse of History
Erato, plate
Erato air-uh-toh Muse of Love Poetry
Euterpe, plate
Euterpe yoo-ter-pee Muse of Music and Lyric
Melpomene, plate
Melpomene mel-pom-uh-nee Muse of Tragedy
Polyhymnia, plate
Polyhymnia pol-ee-him-nee-uh Muse of Sacred Hymn
Terpsichore, plate
Terpsichore terp-sik-uh-ree Muse of Dance
Thalia (Muse), plate
Thalia (Muse) thay-lee-uh (muse) Muse of Comedy
Urania, plate
Urania yoo-ray-nee-uh Muse of Astronomy
The Sirens, plate
The Sirens the sy-rens The Singers of the Rocks, whose voices drew sailors to their death
The Hesperides, plate
The Hesperides the hes-pair-ih-deez The Nymphs of the Evening — keepers of the golden apples
The Graeae, plate
The Graeae the gree-eye The Gray Sisters — old from their birth, sharing one eye and one tooth
The Gorgons, plate
The Gorgons the gor-gons Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa — the daughters of the sea, whose gaze turned to stone

The Mysteries

8 works. Sources for this bay

Hypnos, plate
Hypnos hip-nos Sleep — twin brother of Death
Thanatos, plate
Thanatos than-uh-tos Death — implacable son of Night
Eris, plate
Eris air-is Strife — kindler of the Trojan War
Enyo, plate
Enyo en-ee-oh War-Goddess — companion of Ares
Phobos and Deimos, plate
Phobos and Deimos foh-bos and dye-mos Fear and Terror — sons of Ares
Nike, plate
Nike nye-kee Victory — winged daughter of Pallas and Styx
Nemesis, plate
Nemesis nem-uh-sis Indignation — divine retribution against pride
Tyche, plate
Tyche tye-kee Fortune — Hellenistic personification of luck

The Heroic Bestiary

12 works. Sources for this bay

Typhon, plate
Typhon tye-fon The Great Serpent — last and worst adversary of Zeus
Echidna, plate
Echidna eh-kid-nuh The Viper-Woman — mother of monsters
Cerberus, plate
Cerberus sur-buh-rus The Hound of Hades — three-headed guardian of the dead
Medusa, plate
Medusa meh-doo-suh The Gorgon — whose gaze turned men to stone
Minotaur, plate
Minotaur min-uh-tor The Bull of Minos — prisoner of the Labyrinth
Sphinx, plate
Sphinx sfinks The Theban Riddler
Scylla, plate
Scylla sil-uh The Six-Headed Monster of the Strait
Charybdis, plate
Charybdis kuh-rib-dis The Whirlpool of the Strait
Lamia, plate
Lamia lay-mee-uh The Child-Devouring Queen
Empusa, plate
Empusa em-pyoo-suh Shape-Shifting Hag of Hecate
The Harpies, plate
The Harpies the har-peez The Snatchers — winged daughters of Thaumas and Electra
Pegasus, plate
Pegasus peg-uh-sus The Winged Horse, born of the Gorgon's blood

The Heroic Cycle and the Tragic Houses

26 works. Sources for this bay

Heracles, plate
Heracles her-ah-kleez The Greatest of Heroes — performer of the Twelve Labors
Perseus, plate
Perseus pur-see-us Slayer of the Gorgon — founder of Mycenae
Theseus, plate
Theseus thee-see-us Athenian Hero — slayer of the Minotaur
Jason, plate
Jason jay-sun Captain of the Argonauts — winner of the Golden Fleece
Bellerophon, plate
Bellerophon buh-lair-uh-fon Tamer of Pegasus — slayer of the Chimera
Cadmus, plate
Cadmus kad-mus Founder of Thebes — sower of dragon's teeth
Atalanta, plate
Atalanta at-uh-lan-tuh The Huntress — the only woman among the Argonauts
Achilles, plate
Achilles uh-kill-eez The Best of the Achaeans — hero of the Iliad
Odysseus, plate
Odysseus oh-dis-ee-us The Wily — wanderer of the Odyssey
Tiresias, plate
Tiresias tie-ree-see-us The Blind Theban Seer
Chiron, plate
Chiron kye-ron The Wise Centaur — teacher of heroes
Orpheus, plate
Orpheus or-fee-us Singer of the Underworld — patron of the Mysteries
Oedipus, plate
Oedipus ed-ih-pus King of Thebes, who slew his father and married his mother in ignorance
Antigone, plate
Antigone an-tig-uh-nee Daughter of Oedipus, who buried her brother and was buried alive
Helen, plate
Helen hel-en Daughter of Zeus and Leda — wife of Menelaus, cause of the Trojan War
Hector, plate
Hector hek-tor Eldest son of Priam — defender of Troy, slain by Achilles
Paris, plate
Paris pair-is The shepherd-prince of Troy — judge of the goddesses, abductor of Helen
Priam, plate
Priam pry-am King of Troy, who outlived his sons and saw the fall of his city
Cassandra, plate
Cassandra kuh-san-druh Daughter of Priam — prophetess whom no one believed
Aeneas, plate
Aeneas eh-nee-as Trojan prince and son of Aphrodite — survivor of Troy, ancestor of Rome
The Great Sinners, plate
The Great Sinners the great sin-ners Sisyphus, Tantalus, and Ixion — the three condemned to eternal torment in Tartarus
Daedalus and Icarus, plate
Daedalus and Icarus ded-uh-lus and ik-uh-rus The Athenian craftsman and his son who flew too near the sun
Phaethon, plate
Phaethon fay-uh-thon Son of Helios, who lost control of the chariot of the sun
Medea, plate
Medea meh-dee-uh Princess of Colchis and sorceress, who slew her own children
Ariadne, plate
Ariadne air-ee-ad-nee Cretan princess, who gave Theseus the thread — and was abandoned at Naxos
Actaeon, plate
Actaeon ak-tee-on The Theban hunter, torn by his own hounds for seeing Artemis bathing

Floor plan

The rooms follow one another in the order their peoples first appear in the written record.

  1. The Cradle of Citiesc. 3400 BCE to 395 CE. 115 works
  2. The Gift of the Nilec. 4000 BCE to 395 CE. 73 works
  3. The Olympian Orderc. 1600 BCE to 750 CE. 152 works
  4. The Persian Worldc. 2000 BCE to 1010 CE. 30 works
  5. The Levantine Borderlandsc. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 20 works
  6. The Edges of Empirec. 2000 BCE to 1500 CE. 33 works
  7. The Etruscan Worldc. 900 BCE to 750 CE. 22 works
  8. The Roman Inheritancec. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 58 works
  9. The Northern Inheritancec. 2000 BCE to 1600 CE. 131 works