A Compendium of the Ancient Gods

Volume II

The Gift of the Nile

Egypt. c. 4000 BCE to 395 CE

Three thousand years of Egyptian religion, from the Pyramid Texts to the temples of the Ptolemies: gods of creation, of the dead, of cities and of sacred animals.

The Cosmogonies

12 works. Sources for this bay

Atum, plate
Atum a-tum The Self-Created — first god of the Heliopolitan cosmogony
Geb, plate
Geb geb The Earth — father of the Osirian generation
Nun, plate
Nun nun The Primordial Waters — formless deep before creation
Nut, plate
Nut nut The Sky — mother of the gods
Ptah, plate
Ptah ptah The Memphite Creator — Lord of Craftsmen
Shu, plate
Shu shu The Air — sustainer of the heavens
Tefnut, plate
Tefnut tef-nut The Moisture — sister-consort of Shu
Amun, plate
Amun ah-moon The Hidden God — Lord of Thebes
Ra, plate
Ra ra The Sun — daily king of heaven
The Hermopolitan Ogdoad, plate
The Hermopolitan Ogdoad the her-mo-po-li-tan og-doad The eight primordial powers of Khemenu — the chaos before creation
Hu, plate
Hu hu The authoritative utterance — divine command made manifest
Sia, plate
Sia sia The perceiving mind — divine intelligence made manifest

The Osirian Cycle

16 works. Sources for this bay

Osiris, plate
Osiris oh-sye-ris Lord of the Dead — slain king and judge of souls
Isis, plate
Isis eye-sis The Great of Magic — wife of Osiris, mother of Horus
Horus, plate
Horus hor-us The Falcon — avenger and rightful king
Set, plate
Set set Lord of the Red Land — god of disorder
Nephthys, plate
Nephthys neph-thys Lady of the House — sister and helper of Isis
Anubis, plate
Anubis ah-noo-bis The Jackal — Lord of Embalming
Khentamentiu, plate
Khentamentiu khen-ta-men-tiu Foremost of the Westerners — older lord of the dead
Apep, plate
Apep a-pep The Chaos-Serpent — adversary of the sun
Maat, plate
Maat maat Truth, Order, Justice — feather of judgment
Thoth, plate
Thoth thoht The Ibis — Lord of Wisdom and Writing
Heka, plate
Heka he-ka Magic Personified — the divine power that makes spells effective
Sokar, plate
Sokar so-kar The Falcon of the Necropolis — lord of the Memphite cemetery
The Four Sons of Horus, plate
The Four Sons of Horus the four sons of ho-rus Imsety, Hapi, Duamutef, and Qebehsenuef — guardians of the canopic jars
Ammit, plate
Ammit am-mit The Devourer of the Dead — fate of the unjustified soul
Meskhenet, plate
Meskhenet mes-khe-net Goddess of the birth-brick — fixer of destinies at the moment of birth
Shai, plate
Shai shai Personified destiny — the fate that walks beside each soul

The Cities and the Sacred Animals

28 works. Sources for this bay

Hathor, plate
Hathor ha-thor Lady of Dendera — goddess of love, music, and the western mountain
Khepri, plate
Khepri khep-ri The Scarab — the morning sun
Khnum, plate
Khnum khnum The Ram — Lord of the First Cataract
Khonsu, plate
Khonsu khon-su The Theban Moon — son of Amun and Mut
Min, plate
Min min The Fertility God of Coptos
Montu, plate
Montu mon-tu The Falcon of Hermonthis — Theban war-god
Mut, plate
Mut mut The Great Mother of Thebes
Neith, plate
Neith neith Lady of Sais — primordial weaver and warrior
Sekhmet, plate
Sekhmet sek-met The Lioness — Lady of Plague and War
Seshat, plate
Seshat se-shat Lady of the Library — goddess of writing, measurement, and architecture
Sobek, plate
Sobek so-bek The Crocodile God of the Fayyum
Wepwawet, plate
Wepwawet wep-wa-wet Opener of the Ways — jackal of Asyut
Aten, plate
Aten a-ten The Disk of the Sun — sole god of Akhenaten
Bastet, plate
Bastet bas-tet The Cat of Bubastis
Harpocrates, plate
Harpocrates har-poc-ra-tes Horus the Child — the infant god of silence
Apis, plate
Apis a-pis The Sacred Bull of Memphis
Mnevis, plate
Mnevis mne-vis The Sacred Bull of Heliopolis
Buchis, plate
Buchis bu-chis The Sacred Bull of Hermonthis
Banebdjedet, plate
Banebdjedet ba-nebd-je-det The Ram of Mendes — soul of Osiris in the Delta
Hatmehit, plate
Hatmehit hat-me-hit First of the Fishes — fish-goddess of Mendes
Wosret, plate
Wosret wos-ret The Mighty One — old Theban consort of Amun
Maahes, plate
Maahes maa-hes Lion of the Massacre — son of Bastet, wielder of the scimitar
Pakhet, plate
Pakhet pa-khet The Tearer — lioness of the desert wadis
Ihy, plate
Ihy i-hy The Sistrum-Player — child-god of Dendera, son of Hathor
Sopdet, plate
Sopdet sop-det The Sharp One — goddess of Sirius and herald of the inundation
Sopdu, plate
Sopdu sop-du Lord of the East — god of the eastern desert and the Sinai approaches
Mertseger, plate
Mertseger mert-se-ger She Who Loves Silence — cobra-goddess of the Theban necropolis
Dedun, plate
Dedun de-dun Lord of Nubia — incense-god of the southern frontier

The Protectors and the Sages

17 works. Sources for this bay

Aker, plate
Aker a-ker The Twin Lions of the Horizon
Anuket, plate
Anuket a-nu-ket Lady of the First Cataract — gazelle-goddess of the inundation
Bes, plate
Bes bes The Household Protector — apotropaic dwarf-god
Hapi, plate
Hapi ha-pi God of the Inundation — the river itself
Heqet, plate
Heqet he-qet The Frog Goddess — patroness of childbirth
Mehen, plate
Mehen me-hen The Coiled Serpent — protector of the solar barque
Nefertum, plate
Nefertum ne-fer-tum The Lotus God — son of Ptah and Sekhmet
Nekhbet, plate
Nekhbet nekh-bet The White Vulture of Upper Egypt
Renenutet, plate
Renenutet re-ne-nu-tet The Cobra of the Harvest
Serqet, plate
Serqet ser-qet The Scorpion Goddess — guardian of the dead
Taweret, plate
Taweret ta-we-ret The Hippopotamus Goddess — protector of the pregnant
Wadjet, plate
Wadjet wad-jet The Cobra of Lower Egypt
Bata, plate
Bata ba-ta The Bull of Saka — hero of a folk-tale
Imhotep, plate
Imhotep im-ho-tep The Deified Sage — Old Kingdom architect, god of medicine
Satis, plate
Satis sa-tis Mistress of Elephantine — archer-goddess of the southern frontier
Wadj-Wer, plate
Wadj-Wer wadj--wer The Great Green — personification of the sea and the Delta lakes
Petbe, plate
Petbe pet-be He Who Returns — late personification of retribution

Floor plan

The rooms follow one another in the order their peoples first appear in the written record.

  1. The Cradle of Citiesc. 3400 BCE to 395 CE. 115 works
  2. The Gift of the Nilec. 4000 BCE to 395 CE. 73 works
  3. The Olympian Orderc. 1600 BCE to 750 CE. 152 works
  4. The Persian Worldc. 2000 BCE to 1010 CE. 30 works
  5. The Levantine Borderlandsc. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 20 works
  6. The Edges of Empirec. 2000 BCE to 1500 CE. 33 works
  7. The Etruscan Worldc. 900 BCE to 750 CE. 22 works
  8. The Roman Inheritancec. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 58 works
  9. The Northern Inheritancec. 2000 BCE to 1600 CE. 131 works