A Compendium of the Ancient Gods

Volume VII

The Etruscan World

Etruria. c. 900 BCE to 750 CE

The people from whom Rome learned much of its ritual. Known from painted tombs, engraved mirrors and a bronze liver used for divination; their own sacred books are lost.

The Sky Triad and the Civic Cult

4 works. Sources for this bay

Tinia, plate
Tinia tee-nee-ah The Etruscan Sky-King — wielder of three thunderbolts
Uni, plate
Uni u-ni The Etruscan Queen of Heaven — consort of Tinia, identified with Phoenician Astarte
Menrva, plate
Menrva men-rvah The Etruscan Wise Maiden — warrior, craftswoman, prophetess
Voltumna, plate
Voltumna vol-tum-na Chief God of the Etruscan League — at whose sanctuary the Twelve Cities met

The Powers of the Sun, Moon and Earth

7 works. Sources for this bay

Usil, plate
Usil u-sil The Etruscan Sun God — the masculine sun, kin of the Greek Helios
Catha, plate
Catha ca-tha Solar Daughter of the Sun — child-goddess of the dawn-light
Thesan, plate
Thesan the-san Goddess of the Dawn — sister of the morning
Tiur, plate
Tiur tiur The Etruscan Moon — companion of Usil and marker of the months
Cel, plate
Cel cel The Etruscan Earth-Mother — patroness of the soil
Nethuns, plate
Nethuns ne-thuns The Etruscan Sea-God — wielder of the trident, lord of waters
Selvans, plate
Selvans sel-vans God of Boundaries and Forests — Roman Silvanus

The Gods of Love, Wine, War and Craft

6 works. Sources for this bay

Turan, plate
Turan tu-ran The Etruscan Goddess of Love — equivalent to Aphrodite, mistress of vital force
The Lasa, plate
The Lasa the la-sa Female Spirits — companions of Turan
Fufluns, plate
Fufluns fuf-luns The Etruscan Wine-God — equivalent to Dionysus, with chthonic associations
Aplu, plate
Aplu ap-lu The Etruscan Apollo — god of prophecy and music, brought from the Greeks of Cumae
Laran, plate
Laran la-ran The Etruscan War-God — youthful warrior of the battlefield
Sethlans, plate
Sethlans seth-lans The Etruscan Smith — master of the forge, equivalent to Vulcan

The Underworld and the Spirits of Death

5 works. Sources for this bay

Aita, plate
Aita ai-ta The Etruscan Lord of the Underworld — equivalent to Greek Hades
Phersipnai, plate
Phersipnai pher-sip-nai The Etruscan Queen of the Dead — borrowed from Greek Persephone
Charun, plate
Charun cha-run Hammer-Wielding Death-Demon — striker of the dying
Tuchulcha, plate
Tuchulcha tu-chul-cha The Etruscan Underworld Tormentor — snake-haired demon of the wicked dead
Vanth, plate
Vanth vanth The Etruscan Death-Escort — winged female spirit of the moment of dying

Floor plan

The rooms follow one another in the order their peoples first appear in the written record.

  1. The Cradle of Citiesc. 3400 BCE to 395 CE. 115 works
  2. The Gift of the Nilec. 4000 BCE to 395 CE. 73 works
  3. The Olympian Orderc. 1600 BCE to 750 CE. 152 works
  4. The Persian Worldc. 2000 BCE to 1010 CE. 30 works
  5. The Levantine Borderlandsc. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 20 works
  6. The Edges of Empirec. 2000 BCE to 1500 CE. 33 works
  7. The Etruscan Worldc. 900 BCE to 750 CE. 22 works
  8. The Roman Inheritancec. 1200 BCE to 500 CE. 58 works
  9. The Northern Inheritancec. 2000 BCE to 1600 CE. 131 works